SOPA Questionnaire

1. There are times when I can influence the amount of pain I feel.

2. The pain I feel is a sign that damage is being done.

3. I do not consider my pain to be a disability.

4. Nothing but my pain really bothers me.

5. Pain is a sign that I have not been exercising enough.

6. My family does not understand how much pain I am in.

7. I count more on my doctors to decrease my pain than I do on myself.

8. I will probably always have to take pain medications.

9. When I hurt, I want my family to treat me better.

10. If my pain continues at its present level, I will be unable to work.

11. The amount of pain I feel is out of my control.

12. I do not expect a medical cure for my pain.

13. Pain does not have ot mean that my body is being harmed.

14. I have had the most relief from pain with the use of medications.

15. Anxiety increases the pain I feel.

16. There is little that I can do to ease my pain.

17. When I am hurting, I deserve to be treated with care and concern.

18. I pay doctors so they will cure me of my pain.

19. My pain problem does not need to interfere with my activity level.

20. My pain is physical, not emotional.

21. I have given up my search for the complete elimination of my pain through doctors.

22. It is the responsibility of my family to help me when I feel pain.

23. Stress in my life increases the pain I feel.

24. Exercise and movement are good for my pain problem.

25. Just by concentrating or relaxing, I can "take the edge' off of my pain.

26. I will get a job to earn money regardless of how much pain I feel.

27. Medicine is one of the best treatments for chronic pain.

28. I am unable to contorl most of my pain.

29. A doctor's job is to find pain treatments that work.

30. My family needs to learn how to take better care of me when I am in pain.

31. Depression increases the pain I feel.

32. If I exercise, I could make my pain problem much worse.

33. I can control my pain by changing my thoughts.

34. I need more tender loving care than I am now getting when I am in pain.

35. I consider myself disabled.

36. I wish my doctor would stop giving my pain medication.

37. My pain is mostly emotional, and not so much a physical problem.

38. My pain gets in the way of movement and exercise.

39. I have learned to control my pain.

40. I trust that doctors can cure my pain.

41. I know for sure I can learn to manage my pain.

42. My pain does not stop me from leading a physically active life.

43. My physical pain will never be cured.

44. There is a connection between my emotions and my pain level.

45. I can do everything as well as I could before I had a pain problem.

46. I can do everything as well as I could before I had a pain problem.

47. If I do not exercise regularly, my pain problem will get worse.

48. I am not in control of my pain.

49. No matter how I feel emotionally, my pain stays the same.

50. Pain will never stop me from doing what I really want to do.

51. When I find the right doctor, he or she will know how to reduce my pain.

52. If my doctor prescribed pain medications for me, I would throw them away.

53. Whether or not a person is disabled by pain depends more on attitude than the pain itself.

54. If I can change my emotions, I can influence my pain.

55. I will never take pain medications again.

56. Exercise can decrease the amount of pain I experience.

57. No medical procedure can help my pain.

Results

Inconsistency:

Control:
Emotion:
Disability:
Harm:
Medication:
Solicitude:
Medical Cure:

Interpretation

Adaptive Beliefs

Control: The extent to which a patient believes he or she can control his or her pain.
Emotion: The extent to which a patient believes that his or her emotions have an impact on his or her experience of pain.

Maladaptive Beliefs

Disability: The extent to which a patient believes he or she is disabled by his or her pain.
Harm: The extent to which a patient believes that pain is an indication that he or she is damaging himself or herself and that he or she should avoid exercise.
Medication: The extent to which a patient believes that medication is an appropriate treatment for chronic pain.
Solicitude: The extent to which a patient believes that others, especially family members, should be solicitous in response to his or her experience of pain.
Medical Cure: The extent to which a patient believes in a medical cure for his or her pain problem.